Western Australia is grappling with its most severe diphtheria outbreak in half a century, with the number of confirmed cases climbing to 85. Health authorities are intensifying efforts to boost vaccination rates in at-risk communities, particularly in the state's far north.
Outbreak concentrated in Kimberley
The vast majority of cases — 78 in total — have been reported in the Kimberley region, WA's northernmost area. A small number of additional infections have been detected in the Pilbara and Goldfields regions. This marks the first time in 50 years that the respiratory form of diphtheria has been seen in Western Australia.
Disproportionate impact on Aboriginal communities
Nearly 95 percent of cases have occurred within the Aboriginal community, with children and young people particularly affected. Authorities have expressed concern that many residents in the region are not up to date with their routine vaccinations against the disease.
In response, an expanded vaccination program has been rolled out across the state's north. The initiative focuses on active catch-up vaccination for children and adolescents who have missed routine immunisations.
Public health response ramped up
Dr. Paul Armstrong, director of the Communicable Disease Control Directorate, said WA Health has significantly strengthened its public health response in recent months. Measures include expanded vaccination activity, case management, contact tracing, and ongoing community engagement across affected regions.
"While most cases have occurred in the Kimberley, the Department continues to closely monitor the situation across regional WA and respond as appropriate," Dr. Armstrong said.
Recognising symptoms of diphtheria
The respiratory strain of diphtheria often begins with cold-like symptoms, including a sore throat, fever, and chills. It can then progress to cause a thick, greyish-white coating at the back of the nose or throat, along with swollen or painful glands in the neck. In severe cases, it can make swallowing and breathing difficult, becoming life-threatening.
There is also a skin infection form of diphtheria, which starts from an infected wound. It presents as sores or ulcers, often on the legs, that may be slow to heal and could be covered with a grey, moist scab.
Transmission and risk
Diphtheria spreads through close contact with an infected person, such as breathing in droplets from coughing or sneezing. It can also be transmitted through direct contact with bodily fluids like saliva or contaminated objects such as bandages.
Dr. Armstrong assured the public that while the risk to the rest of the state remains low, health authorities are prepared to act if needed. "The risk to the broader Western Australian community remains low," he said. "WA Health will continue to closely monitor the situation and implement additional public health measures as required."
Health officials urge all residents, especially those in affected regions, to ensure their vaccinations are up to date to help contain the outbreak.
