A teenage boy looks at his smartphone. We must be alive to the dangers of a UK social media ban – and the way to really help young people.
A Ban Alone Will Have Limited Impact
As a parent, I understand the appeal of the announcement on Monday by the prime minister that would prevent children under 16 from using social media. Right now, you are in constant battle with the infinite scroll for your child’s attention, while their impetus to explore the real world is subdued by endless entertainment always within reach. At best, their rapidly developing brains are rotted by a diet of the synthetic, sensationalist and shallow – humanity’s least impressive creative output catering to its lousiest instincts. At worst, they are being preyed upon by forces intent on manipulating, exploiting or recruiting them. You look around and wonder where they are, even as they are right under your nose. You worry they will never experience the boredom that leads to creativity and propels us forward.
Evidence from Australia Is Not Encouraging
The desire to protect children from an often hostile environment makes sense, and the ban sends a signal of what we deem acceptable, and maybe even opens up the possibility of a behavioural shift in how we use social media. But evidence from Australia, where similar legislation was enacted last December, is not encouraging. According to one study, two-thirds of young people retained their accounts, while 51% of those most affected by the ban now see less news. The fact is that this demographic get most of its news from social media feeds, consumed incidentally amid footage of fights, diet tips and dance crazes and conveyed by influencers whose shtick is authenticity not accuracy. But it is encountered nonetheless. If we remove access, we need to create alternative routes to news and information.
Young People Need Connection and Information
Given social media platforms’ abandonment in recent years of trust and safety protocols, effective content moderation systems, support for third-party factcheckers and any real pretence at serving the public interest, you may not see them as the best place to get information. Seventy-three per cent of people in the UK would agree with you. But young people want to understand the world, and there is real value in helping them navigate the information ecosystems we have as we build those we wish for, particularly when those ecosystems play such an outsize role in real-world outcomes. In addition, young people use social media as a place to connect and express themselves. And why wouldn’t they, as other dedicated spaces such as youth clubs, community organisations and extracurricular school provision closed down. Disconnection is dangerous too.
Media Literacy Is Key
At the Guardian Foundation, we deliver media literacy programmes in primary and secondary schools in the UK. We update our materials regularly to reflect rapid changes in the way that people are accessing news and information, but the journalistic process – verifying information, seeking alternative perspectives, challenging assumptions and providing context – remains a constant. Children develop the skills to assess the reliability of information, but they also learn about algorithms and platform economics. They discuss who might benefit from targeting them with misogynistic content, or why filter bubbles develop, or how outrage is incentivised and dopamine activated – and how all this might make them, and those around them, feel.
This is critical preparation for a world in which trust is eroding and truth is increasingly contested, and particularly important in communities which have lost their local journalists and don’t see their concerns reflected in the national media. Teachers tell us that they are better equipped to handle conversations they might otherwise avoid, and young people delight in creating their own journalism, paving the way for an active role as consumers and producers of information.
Media Literacy in the Curriculum
Media literacy will join the national curriculum in England in September 2028. If this fosters greater resilience to misinformation and disinformation and the ability to identify high-quality sources as conversational chatbots embed themselves in daily life, that will be good for all of us. Research has demonstrated how news consumption improves knowledge of current affairs and increases political participation, and our own research shows a strong correlation between media literacy and civic engagement. Conversely, the harms wrought by misinformation and disinformation are so well rehearsed they don’t bear repeating again.
A Holistic Approach Is Needed
But it’s an important addition in other ways: as is painfully felt by young people coming to the end of exam season, today’s education system emphasises the acquisition and retention of knowledge just long enough to recall it for the marking schemes. While a solid mastery of some facts is, of course, important, the ability to critically assess and make productive use of the abundant information you will be deluged by is surely more so. That’s why the social media ban must be accompanied by other measures to help young people thrive in a digital world, including properly funded news and media literacy education and alternative spaces for safe connection and participation.
Without this holistic approach, we cannot hope to win the battle to help our children stay safe and make good choices, while engaging – as they must – with technology. The ban is just a signal that there is much more to do.
Rosie Parkyn is executive director of the Guardian Foundation
